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LoFT: Local Proxy Fine-tuning For Improving Transferability Of Adversarial Attacks Against Large Language Model
Oct 02, 2023
It has been shown that Large Language Model (LLM) alignments can be circumvented by appending specially crafted attack suffixes with harmful queries to elicit harmful responses. To conduct attacks against private target models whose characterization is unknown, public models can be used as proxies to fashion the attack, with successful attacks being transferred from public proxies to private target models. The success rate of attack depends on how closely the proxy model approximates the private model. We hypothesize that for attacks to be transferrable, it is sufficient if the proxy can approximate the target model in the neighborhood of the harmful query. Therefore, in this paper, we propose \emph{Local Fine-Tuning (LoFT)}, \textit{i.e.}, fine-tuning proxy models on similar queries that lie in the lexico-semantic neighborhood of harmful queries to decrease the divergence between the proxy and target models. First, we demonstrate three approaches to prompt private target models to obtain similar queries given harmful queries. Next, we obtain data for local fine-tuning by eliciting responses from target models for the generated similar queries. Then, we optimize attack suffixes to generate attack prompts and evaluate the impact of our local fine-tuning on the attack's success rate. Experiments show that local fine-tuning of proxy models improves attack transferability and increases attack success rate by $39\%$, $7\%$, and $0.5\%$ (absolute) on target models ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Claude respectively.
Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models
Aug 30, 2023
We introduce Jais and Jais-chat, new state-of-the-art Arabic-centric foundation and instruction-tuned open generative large language models (LLMs). The models are based on the GPT-3 decoder-only architecture and are pretrained on a mixture of Arabic and English texts, including source code in various programming languages. With 13 billion parameters, they demonstrate better knowledge and reasoning capabilities in Arabic than any existing open Arabic and multilingual models by a sizable margin, based on extensive evaluation. Moreover, the models are competitive in English compared to English-centric open models of similar size, despite being trained on much less English data. We provide a detailed description of the training, the tuning, the safety alignment, and the evaluation of the models. We release two open versions of the model -- the foundation Jais model, and an instruction-tuned Jais-chat variant -- with the aim of promoting research on Arabic LLMs. Available at https://huggingface.co/inception-mbzuai/jais-13b-chat
FOOCTTS: Generating Arabic Speech with Acoustic Environment for Football Commentator
Jun 07, 2023
This paper presents FOOCTTS, an automatic pipeline for a football commentator that generates speech with background crowd noise. The application gets the text from the user, applies text pre-processing such as vowelization, followed by the commentator's speech synthesizer. Our pipeline included Arabic automatic speech recognition for data labeling, CTC segmentation, transcription vowelization to match speech, and fine-tuning the TTS. Our system is capable of generating speech with its acoustic environment within limited 15 minutes of football commentator recording. Our prototype is generalizable and can be easily applied to different domains and languages.
Arabic Dysarthric Speech Recognition Using Adversarial and Signal-Based Augmentation
Jun 07, 2023
Despite major advancements in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), the state-of-the-art ASR systems struggle to deal with impaired speech even with high-resource languages. In Arabic, this challenge gets amplified, with added complexities in collecting data from dysarthric speakers. In this paper, we aim to improve the performance of Arabic dysarthric automatic speech recognition through a multi-stage augmentation approach. To this effect, we first propose a signal-based approach to generate dysarthric Arabic speech from healthy Arabic speech by modifying its speed and tempo. We also propose a second stage Parallel Wave Generative (PWG) adversarial model that is trained on an English dysarthric dataset to capture language-independant dysarthric speech patterns and further augment the signal-adjusted speech samples. Furthermore, we propose a fine-tuning and text-correction strategies for Arabic Conformer at different dysarthric speech severity levels. Our fine-tuned Conformer achieved 18% Word Error Rate (WER) and 17.2% Character Error Rate (CER) on synthetically generated dysarthric speech from the Arabic commonvoice speech dataset. This shows significant WER improvement of 81.8% compared to the baseline model trained solely on healthy data. We perform further validation on real English dysarthric speech showing a WER improvement of 124% compared to the baseline trained only on healthy English LJSpeech dataset.
Unsupervised Data Selection for TTS: Using Arabic Broadcast News as a Case Study
Jan 26, 2023
Several high-resource Text to Speech (TTS) systems currently produce natural, well-established human-like speech. In contrast, low-resource languages, including Arabic, have very limited TTS systems due to the lack of resources. We propose a fully unsupervised method for building TTS, including automatic data selection and pre-training/fine-tuning strategies for TTS training, using broadcast news as a case study. We show how careful selection of data, yet smaller amounts, can improve the efficiency of TTS system in generating more natural speech than a system trained on a bigger dataset. We adopt to propose different approaches for the: 1) data: we applied automatic annotations using DNSMOS, automatic vowelization, and automatic speech recognition (ASR) for fixing transcriptions' errors; 2) model: we used transfer learning from high-resource language in TTS model and fine-tuned it with one hour broadcast recording then we used this model to guide a FastSpeech2-based Conformer model for duration. Our objective evaluation shows 3.9% character error rate (CER), while the groundtruth has 1.3% CER. As for the subjective evaluation, where 1 is bad and 5 is excellent, our FastSpeech2-based Conformer model achieved a mean opinion score (MOS) of 4.4 for intelligibility and 4.2 for naturalness, where many annotators recognized the voice of the broadcaster, which proves the effectiveness of our proposed unsupervised method.
Creating Speech-to-Speech Corpus from Dubbed Series
Mar 07, 2022
Dubbed series are gaining a lot of popularity in recent years with strong support from major media service providers. Such popularity is fueled by studies that showed that dubbed versions of TV shows are more popular than their subtitled equivalents. We propose an unsupervised approach to construct speech-to-speech corpus, aligned on short segment levels, to produce a parallel speech corpus in the source- and target- languages. Our methodology exploits video frames, speech recognition, machine translation, and noisy frames removal algorithms to match segments in both languages. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we apply it on long and short dubbed clips. Out of 36 hours TR-AR dubbed series, our pipeline was able to generate 17 hours of paired segments, which is about 47% of the corpus. We applied our method on another language pair, EN-AR, to ensure it is robust enough and not tuned for a specific language or a specific corpus. Regardless of the language pairs, the accuracy of the paired segments was around 70% when evaluated using human subjective evaluation. The corpus will be freely available for the research community.